شناسایی و تحلیل عوامل مؤثر بر آموزش از راه دور از دیدگاه دانش‌آموزان دوره دوم متوسطه نظری: یک رویکرد کمی به آسیب‌شناسی و بهبود کیفیت آموزش

مقالات آماده انتشار

نوع مقاله : مقاله پژوهشی

نویسندگان

1 گروه شیمی، دانشکده علوم پایه، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران

2 دبیر شیمی، آموزش و پرورش منطقه 5 تهران

3 دکتری روانشناسی، دانشگاه تربیت دبیر شهید رجایی، تهران، ایران

چکیده

پیشینه و اهداف: با توجه به بحران‌های اخیر از جمله کرونا، آموزش از راه دور به ابزاری حیاتی برای تداوم یادگیری در نظام آموزشی تبدیل شده است. هدف این پژوهش، شناسایی چالش‌ها و عوامل مؤثر در ارتقای کیفیت این نوع آموزش از دیدگاه دانش‌آموزان است. روش: این مطالعه، کاربردی و از نوع پیمایشی–اکتشافی بود. جامعه آماری شامل ۳۸۵ دانش‌آموز دختر و پسر پایه یازدهم از مدارس دولتی، غیردولتی و سمپاد در مناطق شهری و روستایی شهرستان شهریار، در سال تحصیلی ۱۴۰۰–۱۳۹۹ بود. ابزار پژوهش، پرسشنامه‌ای محقق‌ساخته شامل ۵۵ گویه بود که پس از طراحی، با مشاوره متخصصان اصلاح و اعتبارسنجی شد (آلفای کرونباخ 0.88). برای تحلیل داده‌ها از تحلیل عاملی اکتشافی با روش مؤلفه اصلی و چرخش واریماکس استفاده شد. شاخص KMO برابر 0.944، و آزمون بارتلت معنادار بود (p<0.001). یافته‌ها: شش عامل اصلی مؤثر بر آموزش از راه دور شناسایی شد: محتوای تعاملی و انگیزشی (22.06%)، عوامل روان‌شناختی (8.31%)، سامانه آموزشی (8.17%)، سخت‌افزار و اینترنت (6.05%)، محتوای کمک‌آموزشی (5.70%) و نوع ارزشیابی (3.43%). دانش‌آموزان بیشترین ضعف را در انگیزش، تعامل با معلم، بی‌ثباتی اینترنت و اضطراب تجربه کرده‌اند. همچنین، تمایل کمی به ارزشیابی‌های پروژه‌محور گزارش شد. نتیجه‌گیری: تقویت تعامل انسانی در فضای مجازی، طراحی محتوای خلاقانه، تأمین زیرساخت‌های دیجیتال و توجه به سلامت روان دانش‌آموزان، نه‌تنها کیفیت آموزش از راه دور را بهبود می‌بخشد، بلکه تجربه یادگیری را انسانی‌تر، عادلانه‌تر و پایدارتر می‌سازد.

کلیدواژه‌ها

عنوان مقاله [English]

Identification and analysis of the factors affecting distance education from the perspective of senior high school students: a quantitative approach to pathology and improving the quality of education

نویسندگان [English]

  • Ashraf Azizkhanzadeh 1 2
  • Elaheh Hashemi 1
  • Arezo Asfa 3
  • Rasol Abdullah Mirzaei 1
1 Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Science, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
2 Chemistry Teacher, Education Department, District 5, Tehran, Iran
3 PhD in Psychology, Shahid Rajaee Teacher Training University, Tehran, Iran
چکیده [English]

Background and Objective: In light of recent crises such as the COVID-19 pandemic, distance education has become a vital tool for maintaining learning continuity within educational systems. This study aimed to identify the challenges and key factors contributing to the improvement of distance learning quality from the perspective of students. Methods: This applied research employed a survey–exploratory approach. The statistical population consisted of 385 male and female 11th-grade students during the 2020–2021 academic year, selected from public, private, and SAMPAD (gifted) schools across urban and rural areas of Shahriar County. The data collection instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire with 55 items, validated and revised based on expert consultation (Cronbach’s alpha = 0.88). Data were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis (EFA) with principal component analysis and Varimax rotation. The KMO measure was 0.944, and Bartlett’s test was statistically significant (p < 0.001). Findings: Six principal factors affecting distance learning were identified: interactive and motivational content (22.06%), psychological factors (8.31%), the educational system/platform (8.17%), hardware and internet access (6.05%), supplementary educational content (5.70%), and type of assessment (3.43%). Students reported the most significant shortcomings in motivation, teacher interaction, internet instability, and anxiety. Additionally, there was a low inclination toward project-based evaluations. Conclusion: Enhancing human interaction in virtual environments, designing engaging and purposeful content, improving digital infrastructure, and addressing students’ mental well-being are essential not only for improving the quality of distance education but also for fostering a more human-centered, equitable, and sustainable learning experience.

کلیدواژه‌ها [English]

  • Pathology
  • Distance education
  • Chemistry Lesson
  • Student
  • High school

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مقالات آماده انتشار، پذیرفته شده
انتشار آنلاین از تاریخ 03 مهر 1404

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