Review of Green Metrics for Chemical Reactions: A Responsible Research Approach in Chemistry Education

Articles in Press

Document Type : Review article

Authors

Department of Chemistry Education, Farhangian University, P.O. Box 14665-889, Tehran, Iran

10.48310/chemedu.2026.20618.1366

Abstract

Background and Objective: Green analytical chemistry, an emerging branch on the path toward sustainable development, emphasizes the design of methods and reactions with minimal energy and material consumption, as well as minimizing environmental damage. Considering the rapid growth of analytical techniques, evaluating their compliance with the principles of green chemistry has become essential. This research aims to critically review and analyze existing tools for assessing the greenness of analytical chemistry methods. Methods: The present study is a review-analytical investigation that, by reviewing numerous articles in reputable scientific databases, examined various ranking tools for evaluating the greenness of chemical methods and reactions, and discussed and criticized them in terms of strengths, limitations, and combinatorial capabilities. Findings: The findings indicate that each ranking tool introduced in this study has advantages and drawbacks according to its conceptual structure and evaluation criteria. Some tools have interpretable visual outputs, while others focus heavily on quantitative assessment or specific aspects such as energy consumption or solvent health. According to the results, selecting an appropriate tool should be based on the type of analytical method, the evaluation purpose, and the desired level of precision. Conclusion: Despite the advances in available tools, a gap remains between current assessment systems and the need for a comprehensive, precise, and multidimensional evaluation framework. Developing hybrid frameworks, applying a responsible research and innovation approach, and educating the new generation of chemists based on green chemistry principles can pave the way for future progress in sustainable analytical chemistry.

Keywords

Research in Chemistry Education

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript
Available Online from 02 January 2026

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